What is menopause and what are its symptoms?
Publié le 21-06-2024 et mis à jour le 05-11-2024
Menopause is a natural stage in every woman's life, marking the end of her menstrual cycles.
But what is menopause exactly? Menopause symptoms? What is menopause and what are its impacts on health and well-being?
In this article, we will explore these questions to better understand this crucial phase of female life.
Summary
I. What is menopause? II. The first signs of menopause III. The symptoms of menopause 1. Vasomotor symptoms 2. Psychological symptoms 3. Genitourinary symptoms 4. Physical changes 5. Dermatological symptoms 6. Other common symptoms IV. Causes of menopause 1. Decreased ovarian reserve 2. Decrease in sex hormones 3. Change in FSH and LH levels 4. Genetic and environmental factors 5. Role of medical interventions V. Health effects VI. Duration VII. Managing this process Discover the range
I. What is menopause?
A. Women and menopause
This phase of female life is defined as the definitive cessation of menstruation, resulting from the cessation of ovarian activity.
It represents a major biological transition that occurs when the ovaries gradually stop producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
These hormones play a crucial role in regulating menstrual cycles and many other bodily functions.
This transition is often seen as a significant stage of female aging, but it is above all a natural and inevitable process.
Definition of premenopause
Premenopause is the period preceding this phase, where menstrual cycles may become irregular but are still present.
Definition of perimenopause
The transition to this life change, often called perimenopause or pre-menopause , can begin several years before actual menopause, with hormonal fluctuations leading to varied symptoms.
This transition period is marked by complex physiological changes that can affect women's physical and emotional well-being.
B. Hormonal changes
The hormones estrogen and progesterone, produced by the ovaries, are essential for regulating menstrual cycles and many bodily functions. The gradual reduction of these hormones is at the heart of the transformations observed during this phase.
Estrogen influences not only the menstrual cycle, but also bone density, body fat distribution, and cardiovascular health. Progesterone, for its part, prepares the uterus for a possible pregnancy and regulates the menstrual cycle.
The cessation of production of these hormones causes varied symptoms, ranging from hot flashes to mood changes, including changes in the skin and hair.
C. Psychological impacts
Beyond the physical effects, this biological transition can also have significant psychological repercussions. Hormonal fluctuations can cause sleep problems, mood problems, and difficulty concentrating.
Women may experience a sense of loss or change in identity, as this phase marks the end of their reproductive period. Emotional support and adequate information can play a crucial role in making this transition better.
D. The average age of onset
This physiological condition usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, but the age can vary considerably from one woman to another.
E. Early onset
In some cases, it can occur earlier, before the age of 40, which is known as early menopause.
F. At what age and how is menopause diagnosed?
Menopause usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, but can vary depending on many factors, including genetics and general health.
It is diagnosed retrospectively after twelve consecutive months without menstruation.
G. Factors influencing age of onset
Several factors can influence the age at which a woman enters this phase. Among these, genetics plays a major role: women tend to experience this transition at an age similar to that of their mothers.
Lifestyle habits, such as smoking, can also have an impact. For example, smoking is associated with earlier onset. Additionally, certain medical conditions and treatments, such as chemotherapy, can accelerate the arrival of this phase.
H. Diversity of experiences
It is crucial to recognize that every woman experiences this transition differently. Some may get through this period with few symptoms, while others may experience significant changes that affect their quality of life.
This diversity of experiences highlights the importance of a personalized approach and tailored support for each woman during this period.
In short, understanding the multiple facets of this transition allows us to approach this phase with more serenity. The information provided allows us to better prepare and manage this natural stage of female life.
II. The first signs of menopause
1. How do we know we are entering this process?
This process is often preceded by a period called perimenopause, during which symptoms begin to appear. Menstrual cycles and periods stop alternating, this is the period of perimenopause.
Women may experience changes in the length and regularity of their menstrual cycles. Menstrual periods may become irregular, shorter or longer, with heavier or lighter bleeding. This irregularity is often one of the first signs of the transition to menopause.
2. Calculation of the age of occurrence
It is difficult to predict exactly what age a woman will enter this chapter of her life, as it depends on many factors, including genetics and general health.
In general, women can use the age at which their mother or older sisters experienced this change to estimate their own onset period. However, every woman is unique and factors such as smoking, weight, and certain medical conditions can influence the age of onset.
3. What are the first signs?
Signs of this change: They can vary in intensity and duration.
The first signs often include hot flashes, night sweats, and trouble sleeping.
These vasomotor symptoms are caused by hormonal fluctuations and may be accompanied by mood changes, irritability, or even depression. “Brain fog,” characterized by problems with concentration and memory, is also common.
Physical symptoms such as weight gain, particularly around the abdomen, and joint pain may also appear. Vaginal dryness and decreased libido are other common signs of this transition.
4. Impact on daily life
These early signs can have a significant impact on daily life, affecting physical and emotional well-being.
Sleep disturbances can lead to chronic fatigue, while hot flashes can cause discomfort in public or at work. It is important to recognize these signs and look for ways to manage them to maintain optimal quality of life.
III. The symptoms of menopause
1. Vasomotor symptoms
Hot flashes
- Hot flashes: Sudden feelings of intense heat, often accompanied by redness and night sweats. They are caused by hormonal fluctuations affecting the body temperature regulation center located in the hypothalamus. These hot flashes can occur at any time of the day or night, disrupting sleep and affecting quality of life.
Associated hot flashes
- Night sweats: Excessive sweating during the night, disrupting sleep. These night sweats can cause frequent awakenings and lead to increased fatigue, thus influencing mood and overall well-being.
Other vasomotor symptoms
- Heart palpitations: Feeling of rapid or irregular heartbeat, often felt like sudden palpitations.
- Shivers: Alternating sensations of intense heat and chills, disrupting the body's thermal balance.
2. Psychological symptoms
- Sleep disorders: Insomnia or frequent nocturnal awakenings, often exacerbated by hot flashes and night sweats.
- Mood changes: Irritability, anxiety, depression and mood swings. These symptoms may be related to hormonal fluctuations and sleep disruptions.
- Difficulty concentrating and memory problems: Some women report short-term memory problems and difficulty concentrating, often called "brain fog."
- Anxiety and stress: Increased feelings of stress and anxiety may occur, often exacerbated by other physical symptoms and hormonal changes.
- Depression: A feeling of persistent sadness or hopelessness, which may require special attention and therapeutic interventions.
3. Genitourinary symptoms
Vaginal dryness
- Vaginal dryness : Decreased natural lubrication, caused by a drop in estrogen levels, can lead to pain during intercourse (dyspareunia). This dryness can also increase the risk of vaginal irritation and infections.
Vaginal atrophy
- Vaginal atrophy: Thinning and inflammation of the vaginal walls, making the vaginal mucosa more fragile and prone to infections. This condition can also lead to vaginal bleeding after sex.
Frequent urinary tract infections
- Frequent urinary tract infections: Reduction in estrogen levels which can reduce natural protection against urinary tract infections. Women may experience burning sensations when urinating, a frequent urge to urinate, and pelvic pain.
Urinary incontinence
- Urinary Incontinence: Involuntary loss of urine due to weak pelvic floor muscles, often exacerbated by hormonal changes and aging.
4. Physical changes
- Weight gain : Changes in body fat distribution, with a tendency to accumulate more abdominal fat. Menopause and weight gain are often associated. This weight gain can be difficult to manage despite a balanced diet and regular physical activity.
- Loss of bone density: Increased risk of osteoporosis, a condition where bones become fragile and susceptible to fracture. Decreased estrogen levels directly affect bone density, making bones more susceptible to fractures and other injuries.
- Fatigue: A persistent feeling of tiredness, even after a full night of sleep. This fatigue may be due to a combination of sleep disorders, hormonal changes and stress.
- Muscle and joint pain: Hormonal fluctuations can also lead to muscle and joint pain, often described as stiffness and widespread aches.
Physical changes also include a decrease in muscle mass and an increase in fat mass, particularly around the abdomen. Loss of muscle tone can affect posture and mobility, while increased body fat can influence cardiovascular health.
5. Dermatological symptoms
Dry skin
- Dry skin: Reduced elasticity and hydration of the skin, leading to dry and sometimes itchy skin. The skin can become thinner and more sensitive, increasing the risk of irritation and infections.
Hair loss
- Hair loss: Thinning and loss of hair, often attributed to hormonal fluctuations. This hair loss can be diffuse or concentrated in certain areas of the scalp, affecting appearance and self-confidence.
Skin aging
- Skin aging: Increased appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, loss of firmness and elasticity of the skin. Reduced estrogen levels affect the production of collagen, essential for maintaining youthful, elastic skin.
Menopausal symptoms can be unpleasant and affect quality of life, but there are ways to manage them effectively.
Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular physical activity and stress management, can help alleviate these symptoms.
The effects of menopause on the body can include joint pain, decreased libido, and changes in skin and hair texture.
Solutions like D-LAB dietary supplements can help mitigate these effects and support overall well-being during this transition.
6. Other common symptoms
- Breast tenderness: Hormonal fluctuations can cause increased breast tenderness, often accompanied by pain or discomfort.
- Headaches: Frequent headaches or migraines can occur, often due to hormonal changes and stress.
- Palpitations: Sensations of rapid or irregular heartbeat, sometimes accompanied by dizziness or general malaise.
Menopause can have a significant impact on women's quality of life, influencing various aspects of their physical and mental health.
Sleep disturbances, mood changes, and physical symptoms can interfere with daily activities and interpersonal relationships.
However, with the right support and management strategies, it is possible to minimize these impacts and maintain an active and fulfilling lifestyle.
IV. Causes of menopause
Menopause is a natural biological process resulting from the progressive decline of ovarian functions and associated hormonal levels.
Here is a detailed explanation of the causes and the associated hormonal process:
1. Decreased ovarian reserve
Women are born with a finite number of ovarian follicles, which contain the oocytes. Over time, these follicles decrease in number and quality.
At birth, a woman has about one million follicles, but this number drops to about 400,000 by puberty and continues to decline with age.
At menopause, very few functional follicles remain .
Shrinkage of ovarian follicles is a gradual process that begins at birth and continues throughout a woman's life.
During the early years of puberty, large numbers of follicles are recruited each month for maturation, but only a small number will reach ovulation.
This process of selection and follicular atresia leads to a progressive decrease in ovarian reserve. The remaining follicles become less and less sensitive to gonadotropins, leading to a decrease in the production of estrogen and progesterone.
Many factors can influence how quickly ovarian reserve decreases, such as family history, lifestyle, ovarian surgeries, and certain autoimmune diseases.
Therefore, menopause may occur earlier in some women, even before the age of 40, which is known as premature menopause.
2. Decrease in sex hormones
The ovaries mainly produce two hormones: estrogen and progesterone. These hormones regulate menstrual cycles and have many other functions in the body.
- Estrogen: Plays a crucial role in the growth and development of female sexual characteristics, regulation of the menstrual cycle, and has important effects on bones, heart, and central nervous system.
- Progesterone: Prepares the uterus for possible pregnancy after ovulation and plays a key role in regulating the menstrual cycle.
With age, the ovaries produce less estrogen and progesterone. This hormonal decrease is at the origin of the symptoms of menopause.
Initial fluctuations in estrogen levels can cause menstrual irregularities and vasomotor symptoms like hot flashes.
Estrogen also plays a role in maintaining bone density, regulating collagen production for skin and hair, and lubricating mucous membranes. Their reduction can therefore have repercussions on several aspects of women's health and well-being, such as an increased risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and skin problems.
Progesterone, on the other hand, is mainly involved in preparing the uterus for possible pregnancy. Its decrease leads to changes in the endometrium, which can cause irregular menstrual bleeding and other symptoms related to menopause.
3. Change in FSH and LH levels
Decline in ovarian function leads to increased levels of gonadotropins, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
The pituitary gland, in response to decreasing estrogen levels, secretes more FSH and LH to try to stimulate the ovaries.
However, as the ovarian reserve is depleted, the ovaries become less sensitive to these hormones, leading to a persistent increase in FSH and LH levels in the blood, which is a biological marker of menopause. strong>.
FSH is primarily responsible for stimulating the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles. When the ovaries no longer respond effectively to this stimulation, FSH levels increase significantly. Likewise, LH, which plays a crucial role in ovulation and progesterone production, sees its levels increase in the absence of an adequate ovarian response.
Elevated FSH and LH levels are often used as biological indicators of menopause. However, other factors can also influence these levels, such as stress, chronic illnesses and certain medications. It is therefore important to consider these levels in conjunction with clinical symptoms and other diagnostic tests for a comprehensive assessment of a woman's hormonal status.
4. Genetic and environmental factors
In addition to hormonal changes, other factors can influence the age of onset and severity of menopausal symptoms. Family history plays a crucial role. Women whose mothers experienced early menopause are more likely to experience early menopause as well. Likewise, certain genetic mutations can affect ovarian function and accelerate the onset of menopause.
Environmental factors and lifestyle also have a significant impact. For example, smoking is associated with earlier menopause and more severe symptoms. Tobacco contains chemicals that accelerate the loss of ovarian follicles and reduce estrogen production. Additionally, an unbalanced diet, lack of physical activity and chronic stress can exacerbate menopausal symptoms and affect women's quality of life during this transition.
5. Role of medical interventions
Medical interventions, such as ovarian surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, can also cause premature menopause. Surgeries that involve removal of the ovaries, such as oophorectomy, result in an immediate decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels, causing surgical menopause. Likewise, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, used to treat certain types of cancer, can damage the ovaries and reduce their ability to produce sex hormones.
It is essential for women undergoing these treatments to discuss options for managing menopausal symptoms with their healthcare professionals. Management strategies may include hormone replacement therapies, lifestyle modifications, and the use of dietary supplements to alleviate the side effects of these medical interventions.
V. Health effects
A woman's overall health plays an important role in how she experiences menopause. Healthy women who maintain optimal body weight, eat a balanced diet, and engage in regular physical activity may experience a smoother transition and less severe symptoms. In contrast, women with chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, hypertension, and autoimmune disorders, may be more vulnerable to the effects of menopause.
Hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, and mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression, can also worsen menopausal symptoms. It is therefore crucial to take a holistic approach to managing this transition, taking into account all aspects of health and wellbeing.
This natural phenomenon that marks the end of a woman's reproductive period can have long-term impacts on health. The effects of menopause are due to the decrease in estrogen levels, which can increase the risk of certain pathologies, such as:
1. Impact on the body
- Osteoporosis: Increased bone fragility.
- Cardiovascular diseases: Increased risk of heart disease and stroke.
- Urinary problems: Frequent urinary infections and incontinence.
2. What are the impacts on women?
The consequences of this hormonal change can include decreased libido, joint and muscle pain, and an increased risk of certain chronic diseases.
3. Does it influence the beauty of the skin and hair?
Menopause can also affect the radiance of skin and hair, leading to drier skin and hair loss.
4. What are the effects in women?
The effects of menopause in women can include changes in skin texture, decreased bone density, and weight fluctuations.
5. Effects on mental health
Menopause can also have a significant impact on mental health. Hormonal fluctuations can cause mood swings, anxiety, and even depression. Sleep disturbances, often caused by hot flashes and night sweats, can exacerbate these problems. It is crucial to take care of your mental health during this time by adopting stress management strategies and consulting a professional if necessary.
6. Impact on metabolism
Menopause can slow down metabolism, leading to weight gain, mainly around the abdomen. This metabolic change is often due to decreased estrogen levels, which can also increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. A balanced diet and regular physical activity can help maintain a healthy weight and manage these risks. metabolic.
7. Changes in joints and muscles
With menopause, some women may experience joint and muscle pain. These pains are often linked to declining levels of estrogen, which plays a role in the health of connective tissues. Regular exercise, especially activities that strengthen muscles and bones, can help alleviate these pains.
8. Cognitive health
Hormonal changes can also affect cognitive health. Some women report difficulty concentrating and memory loss, often described as "brain fog." Although these symptoms can be disturbing, they are usually temporary. Brain-stimulating activities, such as reading, puzzles, and learning new skills, can help maintain cognitive health.
9. Sexual and intimate health
Menopause can lead to decreased libido and changes in sexual health. Vaginal dryness, due to low estrogen levels, can make sex uncomfortable. Vaginal lubricants and moisturizers can be used to relieve these symptoms. It is also important to maintain open communication with your partner and to consult a healthcare professional for appropriate advice.
10. Prevention and management of symptoms
To minimize the health impacts of menopause, it is essential to adopt a healthy lifestyle. This includes a nutrient-rich diet, adequate hydration, regular exercise, and stress management techniques like yoga and meditation. Dietary supplements can also play an important role in providing essential nutrients that support overall well-being during this life transition.
VI. Duration
1. How long is it?
The transition period to this new phase of female life, known as perimenopause, can last from a few months to several years before reaching the final stage. This stage, characterized by a hormonal change, varies from one woman to another.
During perimenopause, hormonal levels fluctuate irregularly, leading to varied symptoms such as hot flashes, sleep disturbances and mood changes. This transitional period may be marked by alternating regular and irregular menstrual cycles until menstruation stops completely.
2. How long does menopause last?
The duration of menopause itself can vary, but is generally considered to be reached after twelve consecutive months without menstruation.
After this period, we enter the post-menopause phase, which lasts for the rest of life. Acute symptoms like hot flashes may lessen over time, but some effects, like loss of bone density and metabolic changes, may persist and require continued attention.
3. Factors influencing duration
Several factors can influence the duration of perimenopause and menopause, including family medical history, lifestyle, and general health. For example, women with good physical health and healthy lifestyle habits may experience a smoother transition.
Understanding these factors and monitoring symptoms allows you to better manage this phase of life and take appropriate measures to mitigate adverse effects.
What is menopause? What is menopause? It is a natural and inevitable phase in women's lives, bringing its share of challenges and changes. However, with adequate understanding and the right tools, it is possible to navigate this period with confidence and peace of mind.
At D-LAB, we are dedicated to supporting you throughout this journey, providing you with tailored solutions to support your health and well-being.
VII. Managing this process
Several strategies can help control the symptoms of this hormonal transition and maintain a good standard of living.
At D-LAB NUTRICOSMETICS, a varied range of food supplements has been specially designed to support women during this transition period. These formulas are made with natural and powerful ingredients to help alleviate the various symptoms associated with this hormonal change.
In conclusion, menopause is a complex process influenced by a multitude of hormonal, genetic, environmental and medical factors. Understanding these causes allows us to better manage symptoms and promote optimal quality of life during this transition phase. At D-LAB NUTRICOSMETICS, high-quality food supplements are offered to support the well-being of women and mitigate the effects of this hormonal transition.
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How can nutrition support women during periods?
A balanced diet, rich in calcium and vitamin D, complemented by regular physical activity, is essential to strengthen women's health during this phase. Foods rich in phytoestrogens, such as flaxseed, soy, and green vegetables, can help balance hormone levels naturally. Additionally, adequate hydration and eating foods rich in antioxidants can help maintain skin vitality and reduce signs of premature aging.
What dietary supplements can help alleviate symptoms?
Products like those offered by D-LAB can support overall well-being during this life transition. Our formulations, enriched with essential nutrients, aim to balance the effects of this hormonal upheaval. For example, the Female Cycle Complex , contains specific ingredients to regulate hormonal fluctuations and reduce symptoms like hot flashes and mood swings.
Adopt a healthy lifestyle
In addition to nutrition, adopting a healthy lifestyle is crucial to managing this phase of life. Regular exercise, such as yoga or walking, can help reduce stress and improve sleep quality. Relaxation techniques like meditation and deep breathing can also be beneficial for managing psychological symptoms such as anxiety and irritability.
Importance of hydration
Hydration plays a key role in maintaining overall health and can help alleviate some menopausal symptoms. Drinking enough water helps prevent dry skin and itching, while promoting good digestive health. Incorporating herbal infusions, such as chamomile or green tea, can also provide additional benefits.
Emotional and social support
It is important not to underestimate the emotional impact of this transition. Seeking support from loved ones, friends, or support groups can provide a space to share experiences and find comfort. Therapy or counseling can also be valuable tools for managing the complex emotions associated with this life change.
Use of topical care
Skin care tailored to the needs of women going through menopause can help keep skin hydrated and elastic. Using serums and creams rich in hyaluronic acid and antioxidants can improve skin texture and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
